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Purpose@#To report a case of ocular tuberculosis that first manifested as neovascular glaucoma.Case summary: A 76-year-old male visited our hospital complaining of decreased visual acuity in the left eye. He had undergone tuberculosis treatment 1 year prior, and had been cured. At the time of his visit, decreased visual acuity, increased intraocular pressure, and iris neovascularization were observed in the left eye. He was diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma and was started on treatment to lower the intraocular pressure. At the time of the visit, we also noticed vitreous opacity in both eyes. The patient did not attend his scheduled follow-up visit, but returned 2 months later complaining of decreased visual acuity in both eyes. The vitreous opacity in the retinae of both eyes had become aggravated. Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed on both eyes, and multiple yellowish-white circular lesions were observed throughout the retinae. Systemic abnormalities were suspected, and thus additional tests were performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculosis treatment was recommenced. Temporary increases in ocular inflammation and deterioration were observed but improved after the addition of systemic steroids. The patient has been under observation without recurrence for about 1 year. @*Conclusions@#Ocular tuberculosis can be expressed in the form of neovascular glaucoma, so ocular tuberculosis should be suspected if there is a history of tuberculosis and abnormal retinal findings.
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Purpose@#To describe successful treatment of cytomegalovirus immune recovery retinitis, with similarity to acute retinal necrosis, in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the immune recovery stage.Case summary: A 37-year-old man, diagnosed with AIDS 5 years prior, visited our clinic with a chief complaint of visual disturbance in his right eye for 1 week. Slit lamp examination revealed severe inflammation; a light gray retinal lesion with a clear border was present in the inferotemporal area of the peripheral retina. Antiviral (ganciclovir) and oral steroid treatments were initiated. Blood test results indicated that the CD4+ T-cell count was 222/μL. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of anterior puncture findings showed a positive result for cytomegalovirus. Clinical findings were suggestive of acute retinal necrosis, but the patient's condition and examination were also suggestive of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the immune recovery stage. One month after treatment, retinal detachment was observed; surgery was performed. There was no recurrence for 3 years after the second operation and the patient remained in stable condition. @*Conclusions@#In the immune recovery stage, non-specific cytomegalovirus retinitis accompanied by inflammation may exhibit fundus findings similar to acute retinal necrosis. We report a rare case of cytomegalovirus immune recovery retinitis where normal vision was restored via systemic drug treatment and surgery.
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Purpose@#To evaluate the results of treatment according to the method of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). @*Methods@#The clinical records of macular edema patients were analyzed retrospectively for a total of 62 eyes of 62 patients who were injected with bevacizumab into the vitreous as the first treatment for BRVO. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the findings of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and after injection, and prognosis-related factors were evaluated for 21 eyes that received the initial three monthly loading treatments and the 41 eyes that did not. @*Results@#Significant improvement in BCVA was observed in the group having received the initial three injections compared with the group who did not receive the injections at 3, 6, and 12 months (p = 0.025, p = 0.019, and p = 0.008, respectively). The central macular thickness (CMT) showed greater improvement in the initial three injections group than the group without at 6 months (p = 0.034). Multivariate regression showed that the duration from the onset, the three loadings, BCVA, disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL), and choroidal thickness were predictors related to visual gain (p = 0.044, p = 0.047, p = 0.004, p = 0.045, and p = 0.034, respectively). Age, three loadings, BCVA, and DRIL were predictors related to final visual acuity (p = 0.045, p = 0.046, p = 0.002, and p = 0.034, respectively). Duration from the onset, CMT, and choroidal thickness were predictors related to CMT improvement (p = 0.042, p = 0.009, and p = 0.015, respectively). @*Conclusions@#In macular edema of BRVO, the initial three monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab provided superior treatment outcomes regarding short-term functional and anatomical improvements and long-term functional improvement, compared with methods that did not treat with the initial three monthly injections.
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Purpose@#To report a case of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment after injury caused by an animal inoculation needle. Case summary: A 39-year-old man received an injury to his left eye with an animal inoculation needle while vaccinating a pig came to the hospital due to decreased visual acuity. At initial presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was “counting fingers,” and slit lamp examination revealed corneal lacerations, anterior capsule rupture, and traumatic cataract. Ultrasonography showed no specific findings in the vitreous and retina. Primary corneal suture, phacoemulsification, anterior vitrectomy due to rupture of the posterior capsule and vitreous prolapse, intraocular lens implantation, and intravitreal antibiotic injection were performed. On day 1 postoperatively, vitrectomy, anterior chamber irrigation, intravitreal antibiotic injection, and silicone oil injection were performed as signs of endophthalmitis, such as hypopyon and retinal tear, and focal retinal detachment were observed during surgery. Silicone oil removal was performed 7 months after the operation and the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6. There has been no recurrence during follow-up. @*Conclusions@#This is the first report in Korea of ocular injury caused by an animal inoculation needle. If the fundus is not observed in such injuries, there is a possibility of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment and early vitrectomy should be considered.
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Purpose@#To investigate thickness of the nerve fiber layer-ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (NFL-GCIPL) complex and vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal vessels and choriocapillaris using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and angiography (OCTA) in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). @*Methods@#Sixty-four eyes of type 2 diabetic patients without DR were included. A control group of 54 eyes without diabetes was also recruited. All patients underwent multimodal imaging evaluation using SS-OCT and OCTA. @*Results@#Vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal vessels was not different between the study and control groups. A significant decrease in NFL-GCIPL complex thickness was observed in the study group compared to the control group. NFL-GCIPL thickness of the macula decreased with increased duration of diabetes. @*Conclusions@#These results suggest that neurodegeneration might be an early change in the development of DR.
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Purpose@#This study investigated the 1-year outcomes of a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration and examined the clinical results when drug treatment was changed within the same period. @*Methods@#This retrospective analysis included 32 eyes first diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration and treated for more than 1 year with a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab, as well as 24 eyes treated by changing from ranibizumab to aflibercept within the same period. The injection number, maximum injection interval, change in central retinal thickness, and best-corrected visual acuity were assessed in all eyes. @*Results@#In 32 eyes that received a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab, the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 59.46 ± 15.13 to 68.00 ± 12.48 at 12 months (p < 0.0001). The mean central retinal thickness decreased from 409 ± 141 μm to 273 ± 89 μm at 12 months (p < 0.0001). The average number of injections per year was 7.2 ± 0.85. One complication related to the 12 months of injections was a tear in the retinal pigment epithelium; no systemic complications were observed. Of 24 eyes that underwent a change in medication, the rate of maintenance or improvement in initial visual acuity was 83% (10 eyes). The central retinal thickness was initially 371.58 ± 109.96 μm, but improved to 290.33 ± 58.66 μm in 12 eyes that received three injections of aflibercept. @*Conclusions@#At 1 year, good outcomes were obtained using treat-and-extend ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration. When the treatment was changed to aflibercept within the same period, vision was often maintained and short-term anatomical improvement was evident.
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Purpose@#To report a case of acute angle-closure attack resulting from hemorrhagic retinal detachment after a double retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with large pigment epithelial detachment (PED).Case summary: A 66-year-old female visited with a complaint of poor vision in left eye, which began 1 month prior. She was diagnosed with exudative AMD with a large PED using optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography. Intravitreal aflibercept injection was performed. The RPE tear occurred at 2 weeks after the intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection for AMD, after which the range of the RPE tear expanded and included the macular area at 4 weeks after the second injection. At 3 months after the third injection, massive submacular hemorrhage occurred; aflibercept injection was repeated. At 3 days after the fourth injection, the patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP) was 60 mmHg, and massive hemorrhagic serous retinal detachment and anterior movement of the lens with total angle closure were observed. Therefore, we performed a sclerotomy; a large amount of dark blood and subretinal fluid was drained. The IOP decreased, and the retinal detachment improved somewhat. The patient was kept under observation for careful monitoring of her condition. @*Conclusions@#It is very rare to experience a double RPE rupture after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in AMD. We report on our experience and treatment of acute angle-closure attack. The IOP increased due to hemorrhagic retinal detachment after a double RPE tear over the treatment course.
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Purpose@#To evaluate the results of treatment according to the method of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). @*Methods@#The clinical records of macular edema patients were analyzed retrospectively for a total of 62 eyes of 62 patients who were injected with bevacizumab into the vitreous as the first treatment for BRVO. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the findings of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and after injection, and prognosis-related factors were evaluated for 21 eyes that received the initial three monthly loading treatments and the 41 eyes that did not. @*Results@#Significant improvement in BCVA was observed in the group having received the initial three injections compared with the group who did not receive the injections at 3, 6, and 12 months (p = 0.025, p = 0.019, and p = 0.008, respectively). The central macular thickness (CMT) showed greater improvement in the initial three injections group than the group without at 6 months (p = 0.034). Multivariate regression showed that the duration from the onset, the three loadings, BCVA, disorganization of the retinal inner layer (DRIL), and choroidal thickness were predictors related to visual gain (p = 0.044, p = 0.047, p = 0.004, p = 0.045, and p = 0.034, respectively). Age, three loadings, BCVA, and DRIL were predictors related to final visual acuity (p = 0.045, p = 0.046, p = 0.002, and p = 0.034, respectively). Duration from the onset, CMT, and choroidal thickness were predictors related to CMT improvement (p = 0.042, p = 0.009, and p = 0.015, respectively). @*Conclusions@#In macular edema of BRVO, the initial three monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab provided superior treatment outcomes regarding short-term functional and anatomical improvements and long-term functional improvement, compared with methods that did not treat with the initial three monthly injections.
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Purpose@#To report a case of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment after injury caused by an animal inoculation needle. Case summary: A 39-year-old man received an injury to his left eye with an animal inoculation needle while vaccinating a pig came to the hospital due to decreased visual acuity. At initial presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was “counting fingers,” and slit lamp examination revealed corneal lacerations, anterior capsule rupture, and traumatic cataract. Ultrasonography showed no specific findings in the vitreous and retina. Primary corneal suture, phacoemulsification, anterior vitrectomy due to rupture of the posterior capsule and vitreous prolapse, intraocular lens implantation, and intravitreal antibiotic injection were performed. On day 1 postoperatively, vitrectomy, anterior chamber irrigation, intravitreal antibiotic injection, and silicone oil injection were performed as signs of endophthalmitis, such as hypopyon and retinal tear, and focal retinal detachment were observed during surgery. Silicone oil removal was performed 7 months after the operation and the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6. There has been no recurrence during follow-up. @*Conclusions@#This is the first report in Korea of ocular injury caused by an animal inoculation needle. If the fundus is not observed in such injuries, there is a possibility of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment and early vitrectomy should be considered.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#To investigate thickness of the nerve fiber layer-ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (NFL-GCIPL) complex and vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal vessels and choriocapillaris using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and angiography (OCTA) in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). @*Methods@#Sixty-four eyes of type 2 diabetic patients without DR were included. A control group of 54 eyes without diabetes was also recruited. All patients underwent multimodal imaging evaluation using SS-OCT and OCTA. @*Results@#Vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal vessels was not different between the study and control groups. A significant decrease in NFL-GCIPL complex thickness was observed in the study group compared to the control group. NFL-GCIPL thickness of the macula decreased with increased duration of diabetes. @*Conclusions@#These results suggest that neurodegeneration might be an early change in the development of DR.
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Purpose@#This study investigated the 1-year outcomes of a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration and examined the clinical results when drug treatment was changed within the same period. @*Methods@#This retrospective analysis included 32 eyes first diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration and treated for more than 1 year with a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab, as well as 24 eyes treated by changing from ranibizumab to aflibercept within the same period. The injection number, maximum injection interval, change in central retinal thickness, and best-corrected visual acuity were assessed in all eyes. @*Results@#In 32 eyes that received a treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab, the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 59.46 ± 15.13 to 68.00 ± 12.48 at 12 months (p < 0.0001). The mean central retinal thickness decreased from 409 ± 141 μm to 273 ± 89 μm at 12 months (p < 0.0001). The average number of injections per year was 7.2 ± 0.85. One complication related to the 12 months of injections was a tear in the retinal pigment epithelium; no systemic complications were observed. Of 24 eyes that underwent a change in medication, the rate of maintenance or improvement in initial visual acuity was 83% (10 eyes). The central retinal thickness was initially 371.58 ± 109.96 μm, but improved to 290.33 ± 58.66 μm in 12 eyes that received three injections of aflibercept. @*Conclusions@#At 1 year, good outcomes were obtained using treat-and-extend ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration. When the treatment was changed to aflibercept within the same period, vision was often maintained and short-term anatomical improvement was evident.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#To report a case of acute angle-closure attack resulting from hemorrhagic retinal detachment after a double retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with large pigment epithelial detachment (PED).Case summary: A 66-year-old female visited with a complaint of poor vision in left eye, which began 1 month prior. She was diagnosed with exudative AMD with a large PED using optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography. Intravitreal aflibercept injection was performed. The RPE tear occurred at 2 weeks after the intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection for AMD, after which the range of the RPE tear expanded and included the macular area at 4 weeks after the second injection. At 3 months after the third injection, massive submacular hemorrhage occurred; aflibercept injection was repeated. At 3 days after the fourth injection, the patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP) was 60 mmHg, and massive hemorrhagic serous retinal detachment and anterior movement of the lens with total angle closure were observed. Therefore, we performed a sclerotomy; a large amount of dark blood and subretinal fluid was drained. The IOP decreased, and the retinal detachment improved somewhat. The patient was kept under observation for careful monitoring of her condition. @*Conclusions@#It is very rare to experience a double RPE rupture after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in AMD. We report on our experience and treatment of acute angle-closure attack. The IOP increased due to hemorrhagic retinal detachment after a double RPE tear over the treatment course.
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PURPOSE: To report a case of Epstein-Barr virus-related corneal endotheliitis accompanied by secondary glaucoma.CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old male presented with blurred vision in his right eye. In the ophthalmic evaluation, there were dispersed keratic precipitates overlying corneal edema. The anterior chamber showed trace ~1+ graded inflammation and an endothelial density decrease. His best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure in the right eye were 0.2 and 34 mmHg, respectively. Paracentesis was performed on the anterior chamber of the right eye to confirm the diagnosis under the suspicion of corneal endotheliitis with trabeculectomy for the intraocular pressure control. Epstein-Barr virus was confirmed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and oral and eye drops of Acyclovir were used to treat the patient. There was no evidence of a recurrence over 2 years and his intraocular pressure was 12 mmHg and best-corrected visual acuity was maintained at 0.5.CONCLUSIONS: A case of Epstein-Barr virus-related corneal endotheliitis was diagnosed using PCR of the aqueous humor. The patient was treated with an oral antiviral agent and eyedrops without a recurrence.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Acyclovir , Anterior Chamber , Aqueous Humor , Corneal Edema , Diagnosis , Glaucoma , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Inflammation , Intraocular Pressure , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ophthalmic Solutions , Paracentesis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recurrence , Trabeculectomy , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Purpose@#To compare the effect on changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and refractive error between subjects after combined phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy using a vitrectomy probe and control subjects after combined phacovitrectomy without posterior capsulotomy. @*Methods@#A total of 20 eyes of 20 subjects who underwent combined phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy using a vitrectomy probe were compared with 20 eyes of 20 control subjects who underwent only phacovitrectomy without posterior capsulotomy. The ACD was measured with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam ® ; OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) before and after surgery. Also the preoperative desired refraction and postoperative refraction were compared using an auto keratorefractometor. @*Results@#The preoperative ACD of subjects with posterior capsulotomy was 2.56 ± 0.233 mm. The ACD was 3.54 ± 0.366 mm and 3.71 ± 0.424 mm at one and three months after surgery in subjects with posterior capsulotomy. The preoperative ACD of subjects without posterior capsulotomy was 2.53 ± 0.204 mm. The ACD was 3.09 ± 0.197 mm and 2.95 ± 0.295 mm at one and three months after surgery in subjects without posterior capsulotomy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative ACD, but ACD at one and three months after surgery was significantly different between the two groups.The desired refractory error was -0.32 ± 0.124 D in subjects with posterior capsulotomy, and -0.33 ± 0.142 D in the control group.The postoperative refraction was -0.62 ± 0.132 D in patients who underwent phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy, and -0.91 ± 0.292 D in the control group. There was a significant difference in refraction three months after the surgery. @*Conclusions@#Combined phacovitrectomy with posterior capsulotomy using a vitrectomy probe may be a useful way to prevent myopic change caused by anterior migration of an intraocular lens compared with control subjects, without posterior capsulotomy, for three months after surgery.
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Purpose@#We investigated the expression levels of 84 genes in dexamethasone-exposed human lens epithelial cells using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis. @*Methods@#The viability and motility of lens epithelial cells were examined after treatment with dexamethasone at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL; Western blot was used to evaluate the expression levels of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and E-cadherin. After 24, 48, and 72 hours of dexamethasone treatment at 0.1 mg/mL, the expression levels of 84 growth factors were analyzed using PCR array. @*Results@#Cell viability did not change significantly at dexamethasone levels of 0.01 or 0.1 mg/mL, but decreased markedly at 1 mg/mL; motility increased in a concentration-dependent manner at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL. Western blot showed that fibronectin levels increased significantly at all dexamethasone concentrations tested; the α-SMA level increased only at 0.01 mg/mL, and E-cadherin levels decreased significantly at all tested concentrations. PCR showed that the levels of FGF1, FGF2, IL-11, regulators of apoptosis (GDNF, IL-1β, and NRG2), and regulators of cell differentiation (BMP5, FGF1, FGF2, and FGF5) decreased more than twofold, whereas the levels of FGF9 and FGF19 increased more than twofold. @*Conclusions@#PCR performed after exposure of lens epithelial cells to dexamethasone may identify the genes involved in the development of steroid-induced cataracts.
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Purpose@#We report a case of stromal keratitis in a patient with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia.Case summary: A 15-year-old boy presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye. He had been diagnosed with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia at about 16 months of age and had received regular doses of intravenous immunoglobulin. The best-corrected visual acuity of the right eye was 0.02 and the intraocular pressure 11 mmHg. On anterior segment examination, thinning combined with stromal infiltration of the paracentral cornea was evident, but no epithelial defect was apparent. We scheduled detailed systemic examinations and laboratory investigations to rule out infectious keratitis. His serum immunoglubulin G (IgG) level was 328.9 mg/dL, thus less than that 3 months priorly (434.8 mg/dL). The lesion did not improve after prescription of topical antibiotics and steroid. The serum IgG level gradually increased to 394.4 mg/dL after immunoglobulin administration, and the corneal infiltration gradually decreased. After 5 months of treatment, the serum IgG levels ranged between 480 and 530 mg/dL; we noted no recurrence or worsening of the corneal lesion. @*Conclusions@#We report a case of stromal keratitis in a patient with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia; we prescribed intravenous immunoglobulin.
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Purpose@#To evaluate the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and the disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) after use of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant to treat diabetic macular edema (DME). @*Methods@#The clinical records of 25 patients with DME treated with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography data were analyzed from each visit. @*Results@#The BCVAs at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were statistically significant with respect to the baseline BCVA of DME patients (p = 0.021, p < 0.001, respectively); however no statistically significant change was evident at the 6 months follow-up (p = 0.062). Also, the DRIL degree at 1 month and 3 months after treatment was statistically significant with respect to baseline DRIL (p = 0.034, p < 0.001); however, there was no statistically significant change at 6 months after treatment (p = 0.052). The BCVA at 6 months after treatment was positively and significantly correlated with the baseline BCVA (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.705), CRT (p = 0.032, R2 = 0.308), and DRIL extent (p = 0.024, R2 = 0.201). @*Conclusions@#The BCVA in patients after treatment with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant for DME was related to the change in the CRT after treatment. The baseline BCVA and change in the DRIL may be important indicators for predicting VA improvement in DME.
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Purpose@#To investigate the bacterial culture, clinical characteristics, and prognosis associated with infectious endophthalmitis in western Gyeongsangnam-do. @*Methods@#This study was a retrospective review of the medical records of 98 eyes that presented with infectious endophthalmitis from 2010 to 2019. All patients were analyzed for the type of causative bacteria, treatment method, and the visual prognosis. @*Results@#The bacterial cultures (n = 98 eyes) revealed bacterial growth in 67 eyes (68.4%). The most commonly isolated causative microorganism was Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.3%). As a result of analyzing the best corrected visual acuity (VA) based on 1.0 (logMAR), baseline VA was worse than counting fingers, and whether pars plana vitrectomy was undertaken showed a difference in the final visual acuity (p < 0.001, p = 0.021). @*Conclusions@#Exogenous endophthalmitis occurs frequently after cataract surgery, and S. epidermidis is the most common causative agent, but a good visual prognosis resulted. Liver abscess was a common extraocular source of endogenous endophthalmitis and Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common causative agent for a poor visual prognosis.
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Purpose@#To evaluate the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and the disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) after use of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant to treat diabetic macular edema (DME). @*Methods@#The clinical records of 25 patients with DME treated with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography data were analyzed from each visit. @*Results@#The BCVAs at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were statistically significant with respect to the baseline BCVA of DME patients (p = 0.021, p < 0.001, respectively); however no statistically significant change was evident at the 6 months follow-up (p = 0.062). Also, the DRIL degree at 1 month and 3 months after treatment was statistically significant with respect to baseline DRIL (p = 0.034, p < 0.001); however, there was no statistically significant change at 6 months after treatment (p = 0.052). The BCVA at 6 months after treatment was positively and significantly correlated with the baseline BCVA (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.705), CRT (p = 0.032, R2 = 0.308), and DRIL extent (p = 0.024, R2 = 0.201). @*Conclusions@#The BCVA in patients after treatment with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant for DME was related to the change in the CRT after treatment. The baseline BCVA and change in the DRIL may be important indicators for predicting VA improvement in DME.
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Purpose@#To investigate the bacterial culture, clinical characteristics, and prognosis associated with infectious endophthalmitis in western Gyeongsangnam-do. @*Methods@#This study was a retrospective review of the medical records of 98 eyes that presented with infectious endophthalmitis from 2010 to 2019. All patients were analyzed for the type of causative bacteria, treatment method, and the visual prognosis. @*Results@#The bacterial cultures (n = 98 eyes) revealed bacterial growth in 67 eyes (68.4%). The most commonly isolated causative microorganism was Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.3%). As a result of analyzing the best corrected visual acuity (VA) based on 1.0 (logMAR), baseline VA was worse than counting fingers, and whether pars plana vitrectomy was undertaken showed a difference in the final visual acuity (p < 0.001, p = 0.021). @*Conclusions@#Exogenous endophthalmitis occurs frequently after cataract surgery, and S. epidermidis is the most common causative agent, but a good visual prognosis resulted. Liver abscess was a common extraocular source of endogenous endophthalmitis and Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common causative agent for a poor visual prognosis.